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1.
J. vasc. bras ; 20: e20200036, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250235

ABSTRACT

Abstract Our study describes a fatal case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens and massive venous thrombosis in a patient taking rivaroxaban regularly to treat cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Blood tests samples were positive for lupus anticoagulant. The unique evolution of the case, as well as the positivity for lupus anticoagulant, raises the possibility of an acquired hypercoagulation syndrome. We highlight the fact that the test recommended as the first line for lupus anticoagulant diagnosis (dilute Russell viper venom time) is the most affected by rivaroxaban, leading to a high prevalence of false-positive results. We also discuss potential diagnoses for the current case and review the current state-of-the-art of use of the novel oral anticoagulation agents in this unusual situation. So far, there are no recommendations to use such agents as first options in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis or in hypercoagulation syndromes.


Resumo Nosso estudo descreve um caso fatal de flegmasia cerúlea dolens e trombose venosa maciça em um paciente usando regularmente rivaroxabana para o tratamento de trombose de seio venoso cerebral. A investigação laboratorial foi positiva para o anticoagulante lúpico. A evolução única do caso aumenta a possibilidade de uma síndrome de hipercoagulabilidade adquirida, bem como a positividade para o anticoagulante lúpico. Destacamos o fato de que o teste recomendado como primeira linha para o diagnóstico de anticoagulante lúpico (veneno de víbora de Russel diluído) é o mais afetado pela rivaroxabana, levando a uma alta prevalência de resultados falso-positivos. Também discutimos os potenciais diagnósticos para o presente caso e revisamos o estado da arte atual dos novos agentes de anticoagulação oral usados nessa situação incomum. Até o presente momento, não há recomendações para o uso de tais agentes como primeira opção na trombose de seios venosos cerebrais ou nas síndromes de hipercoagulação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Thrombophlebitis/complications , Venous Thrombosis/complications , Rivaroxaban/adverse effects , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/drug therapy , Thrombophlebitis/diagnosis , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Factor Xa Inhibitors
2.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS, CONASS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1096397

ABSTRACT

Tecnologia: Os medicamentos Rivaroxabana, Apixabana, Edoxabana e Dabigatrana são anticoagulantes orais diretos (DOACs). Indicação: Prevenção e tratamento de fenômenos tromboembólicos, em pacientes portadores de Fibrilação Atrial Não Valvar (FANV). Pergunta: Os DOACs são eficazes, seguros e custo-efetivos para prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos em portadores de FANV (CHA2DS2VASC >= 2 pontos) e que apresentaram eventos adversos graves, incluindo sangramento maior, ou falha terapêutica em uso de varfarina? Métodos: Levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado nas bases eletrônicas Pubmed e Google seguindo estratégias de buscas predefinidas. Foi feita avaliação da qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos e dos estudos econômicos com as ferramentas Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), Delphi List e Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) checklist, respectivamente. Resultados: Foram selecionadas e incluídas 4 revisões sistemáticas, 4 ensaios clínicos e 2 estudos econômicos. Conclusão: As evidências apontam que apixabana e dabigatrana são mais eficazes e seguros que varfarina para prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos em portadores de FANV, previamente anticoagulados com varfarina, que apresentaram eventos adversos graves. Não há estudos econômicos nacionais ou internacionais que avaliem DOACs especificamente para esses casos. Os estudos econômicos disponíveis indicam que, na maioria dos contextos internacionais, os DOACs são custo-efetivos para tratamento de FANV em casos nunca anticoagulados como primeira-linha terapêutica, mas no contexto brasileiro concluem que dabigatrana e rivaroxabana não são custo-efetivos. No SUS, a varfarina é a única opção terapêutica de anticoagulantes para FANV, mesmo para os casos de falha terapêutica ou com eventos adversos graves. Outras opções terapêuticas para esses casos deveriam ser fornecidas pelo SUS, visto que as evidências disponíveis sugerem que pode ser vantajoso migrar de varfarina para apixabana ou dabigatrana (AU)


Technology: The drugs Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Edoxaban and Dabigatran are direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Indication: Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic phenomena, in patients with Non-Valvar Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF). Question: Are DOACs effective, safe and cost-effective for preventing thromboembolic events in patients with NVAF (CHA2DS2VASC> = 2 points) and who have had serious adverse events, including major bleeding, or therapeutic failure using warfarin? Methods: Bibliographic search was performed on Pubmed and Google, following predefined search strategies. Evaluation of the methodological quality of systematic reviews, clinical trials and economic studies was carried out using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), Delphi List and Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) checklist tools, respectively. Results: 4 systematic reviews, 4 clinical trials and 2 economic studies were selected and included. Conclusion: Evidence indicates that apixaban and dabigatran are more effective and safer than warfarin for preventing thromboembolic events in patients with NVAF, previously anticoagulated with warfarin, who had serious adverse events. There are no national or international economic studies that evaluate DOACs specifically for these cases. The available economic studies indicate that, in most international contexts, DOACs are costeffective for treating NVAF in cases never anticoagulated, but in the Brazilian context they conclude that dabigatran and rivaroxaban are not cost-effective. In Brazilian Public Health System, warfarin is the only therapeutic option for anticoagulants for NVAF, even in cases of therapeutic failure or with serious adverse events. Other therapeutic options for these cases should be provided by Brazilian Public Health System, as the available evidence suggests that it may be advantageous to switch from warfarin to apixaban or dabigatran (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Anticoagulants , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Rivaroxaban/adverse effects , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Systematic Review
3.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eRC4819, 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056060

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We describe a patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism with history of three episodes of deep vein thrombosis and on rivaroxaban. The patient underwent a subtotal parathyroidectomy, developing cervical hematoma with airway compression. Therefore, emergency surgical decompression was necessary. Later, on the ninth postoperative day, the serum ionized calcium levels were low. Medical team knowledge about preexisting diseases and their implication in the coagulation state are essential conditions to reduce morbidity and mortality of surgeries. However, no reports were found in literature about the association of hypocalcemia with the use of the new class of anticoagulants, which act as factor X inhibitors (Stuart-Prower factor), predisposing to increased bleeding in the immediate postoperative period.


RESUMO Descrevemos um paciente com hiperparatireoidismo terciário com história de três episódios de trombose venosa profunda e em uso de rivaroxabana. O paciente foi submetido a uma paratireoidectomia subtotal, desenvolvendo hematoma cervical com compressão das vias aéreas. Foi necessária descompressão cirúrgica de emergência. No nono dia de pós-operatório, os níveis séricos de cálcio iônico estavam baixos. O conhecimento da equipe médica sobre doenças preexistentes e de sua implicação no estado de coagulação é condição indispensável para a redução da morbimortalidade do procedimento cirúrgico. No entanto, não há relatos na literatura associando hipocalcemia com o uso da nova classe de anticoagulantes que atuam como inibidores do fator X (fator de Stuart-Prower), predispondo ao aumento do sangramento no pós-operatório imediato.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Blood Coagulation Disorders/drug therapy , Factor Xa Inhibitors/adverse effects , Rivaroxaban/adverse effects , Hypocalcemia/chemically induced , Calcium/blood , Risk Factors , Parathyroidectomy/adverse effects , Parathyroidectomy/methods , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Hyperparathyroidism/surgery , Hyperparathyroidism/etiology , Hypocalcemia/surgery , Middle Aged
5.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 34(2): 268-273, apr.-jun. 2019. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015989

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Abdominoplastia consiste em um dos procedimentos estéticos mais populares realizados no Brasil. Pacientes pósbariátricos representam um desafio peculiar ao cirurgião plástico, uma vez que não só requerem reconstruções complexas, mas também apresentam comorbidades residuais e deficiências nutricionais. O tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) constitui uma complicação grave e potencialmente fatal da abdominoplastia. Apesar da pequena frequência desta complicação, os métodos aceitos como padrões para prevenção de TEV em pacientes após abdominoplastia, incluindo quimioprofilaxia, permanecem controversos. Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência do autor com rivaroxabana para profilaxia de TEV em pacientes submetidos a abdominoplastia após grande perda ponderal. Métodos: Uma série de 396 casos foi conduzida retrospectivamente. Todos os pacientes submetidos à abdominoplastia após cirurgia bariátrica que receberam rivaroxabana foram incluídos. A dose profilática foi de 10mg por dia. Dados demográficos, comorbidades, tipo de cirurgia e complicações foram registrados. Resultados: 396 casos de pacientes pós-bariátricos (356 mulheres e 40 homens) foram submetidos à abdominoplastia e receberam rivaroxabana no pós-operatório, de julho de 2015 a julho de 2018. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 39,1 anos. O índice de massa corporal médio no momento da abdominoplastia foi de 27,2kg/m². Houve apenas um caso de tromboembolismo venoso (0,25%). Treze pacientes apresentaram hematoma com necessidade de drenagem. Conclusões: A quimioprofilaxia de rotina com rivaroxabana para pacientes submetidos à abdominoplastia após grande perda ponderal revela uma baixa incidência de TEV. Esta medicação oral é bem tolerada e apresenta um perfil de complicação aceitável.


Introduction: Abdominoplasty is one of the most popular aesthetic procedures performed in Brazil. Postbariatric patients present a challenge to the plastic surgeon as not only do they have complex reconstructive challenges but also they have residual medical comorbidities and nutritional deficiencies. A serious and potentially fatal complication of abdominoplasty is venous thromboembolism (VTE). Despite the frequency of this serious complication, the accepted standard methods to prevent VTE in abdominoplasty patients, including chemoprophylaxis, remain controversy. Objective: To evaluate the author experience with rivaroxaban, for VTE prophylaxis in abdominoplasty patients after massive weight loss. Methods: A retrospective 396 cases series were conducted. All patients who underwent abdominoplasty after bariatric surgery and received rivaroxaban were included. The prophylactic dose was 10 mg daily for 30 days, beginning 24 hours postoperatively. Patient demographics, comorbidities, type of surgery and complications were recorded. Results: From July 2015 until July 2018, 396 post bariatric patients (356 women and 40 men) underwent abdominoplasty and received rivaroxaban postoperatively. The mean body mass index prior to their weight loss procedure was 43.8kg/m2 (range, 37.3- 61.9kg/m2) and mean BMI was 27.2kg/m² at the time of the abdominoplasty. Mean patient age was 39.1 years. Only one patient had a symptomatic PTE event. Thirteen patients had a hematoma requiring operative evacuation, and all went on to heal without sequel. Conclusions: Routine chemoprophylaxis with rivaroxaban for abdominoplasty patients after massive weight loss has a low rate of VTE events. This oral medication is well tolerated and has an acceptable complication profile.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Surgery, Plastic/adverse effects , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/adverse effects , Venous Thrombosis/surgery , Venous Thrombosis/physiopathology , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Venous Thromboembolism/surgery , Venous Thromboembolism/complications , Venous Thromboembolism/physiopathology , Refractive Surgical Procedures/methods , Abdominoplasty/adverse effects , Abdominoplasty/methods , Rivaroxaban/adverse effects , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/pharmacology
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(1): 73-82, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991375

ABSTRACT

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), including the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and the direct factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban have at least comparable efficacy as vitamin K antagonists along with a better safety profile, reflected by a lower incidence of intracranial hemorrhage. Specific reversal agents have been developed in recent years. Namely, idarucizumab, a specific antidote for dabigatran, is currently approved in most countries. Andexanet, which reverses factor Xa inhibitors, has been recently approved by the FDA, and ciraparantag, a universal antidote targeted to reverse all DOACs, is still under investigation. In this review we provide an update on the pharmacology of DOACs, the risk of hemorrhagic complications associated with their use, the measurement of their anticoagulant effect and the reversal strategies in case of DOAC-associated bleeding.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Coagulation Factors/therapeutic use , Antithrombins/administration & dosage , Antithrombins/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Hemorrhage/therapy , Pyrazoles/administration & dosage , Pyrazoles/adverse effects , Pyridines/administration & dosage , Pyridines/adverse effects , Pyridones/administration & dosage , Pyridones/adverse effects , Thiazoles/administration & dosage , Thiazoles/adverse effects , Administration, Oral , Risk Factors , Rivaroxaban/administration & dosage , Rivaroxaban/adverse effects , Dabigatran/administration & dosage , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Antidotes/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 62(8): 721-724, Nov. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829538

ABSTRACT

Summary According to our research, this is the first case described in the literature of spontaneous intracranial epidural hematoma secondary to the use of Xareltor. Spontaneous intracranial epidural hematomas are rarely described in the literature. They are associated with infectious diseases of the skull, coagulation disorders, vascular malformations of the dura mater and metastasis to the skull. Long-term post-marketing monitoring and independent reports will probably detect the full spectrum of hemorrhagic complications of the use of rivaroxaban.


Resumo Segundo nossa pesquisa, descrevemos o primeiro caso na literatura de hematoma epidural intracraniano espontâneo secundário ao uso de Xareltor. Hematomas epidurais intracranianos espontâneos raramente são descritos na literatura, sendo comumente associados a doenças infecciosas cranianas, distúrbios de coagulação, malformações vasculares da dura-máter e metástases cranianas. A elaboração de relatórios de monitoramento em longo prazo de pós-comercialização e relatórios independentes provavelmente irá detectar o espectro completo de complicações hemorrágicas do uso desse medicamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Factor Xa Inhibitors/adverse effects , Rivaroxaban/adverse effects , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/chemically induced , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Risk , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/surgery , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/diagnostic imaging
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